In what scenario would an aircraft be subjected to passenger restriction due to weight limits?

An aircraft would be subjected to passenger restrictions due to weight limits primarily when the total weight exceeds the maximum takeoff weight. This limit is defined by the manufacturer and is crucial for ensuring the aircraft can safely lift off, maintain flight, and land. Exceeding this weight puts excessive stress on the aircraft's structure and can compromise its performance, including reduced climb rate, increased landing distance, or failure to achieve takeoff altogether.

In situations where the total weight is approaching or surpasses this critical threshold, the airline may need to limit the number of passengers or the amount of cargo onboard to maintain safety within the performance envelope of the aircraft. This is particularly paramount during high-density operations, where managing weight is essential for regulatory compliance and operational safety.